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Introduction
Journal Editorial Board:Editorial Board of Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
Publication Period: Quarterly
Publication Place: Beijing
Language: Chinese
Supervisor: China National Nuclear Corporation
Organizer: Chinese Nuclear Society
Publisher: Editorial Board of Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
Editor in Chief: SU Xuebin
Tel: 8610-51674348, 51674124
E-mail: youkuangye@cnmstc.com
ISSN：1000-8063
CN：11-1969/TL
Postal Distribution Code: 82-745
Website: https://ykyi.cbpt.cnki.net
Mechanical Properties and Pore Structure Evolution of Sandstone under Liquid Nitrogen Freezing and Thawing
ZHANG Shiming;WU Qinqin;HUANG Aiwu;WANG Yuting;JIAO Wenlei;WU Lingling;HU Lin;YU Qing;In order to further study the mechanical properties and pore structure evolution of sandstone under the action of liquid nitrogen freezing and thawing cycles, the sandstone in natural water-bearing state and saturated state were taken as the research object. The compressive strength, elastic modulus, pore T2 map and nuclear magnetic porosity of sandstone after different liquid nitrogen freezing and thawing cycles were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance instrument and rock mechanics test system. The mechanical properties, porosity evolution and pore size distribution of sandstone under the action of liquid nitrogen were analyzed. Based on the SDR permeability model, the permeability change of sandstone after freezing and thawing cycles was calculated. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone decreases significantly after liquid nitrogen freezing treatment, and the decrease of strength increases with the increase of freezing and thawing cycles. When the number of cycles increases from 0 to 5, the decrease of compressive strength in natural state increases from 12.25% to 29.04%, while the maximum decrease of compressive strength of sandstone in saturated state is 55.50%. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) test show that the freezing and thawing cycle of liquid nitrogen significantly increases the porosity and permeability of sandstone, especially for sandstone samples in saturated state. After five freezing and thawing cycles of liquid nitrogen, the porosity growth rate is 39.09%; and the permeability growth rate reaches 160%, which is 1.89 times that of natural water-bearing sandstone. The research results can provide a new idea for the efficient leaching of low permeability sandstone-type uranium deposits by liquid nitrogen fracturing technology.
Current Situation and Prospect of Uranium Resources Mining and Metallurgy Technology in China
WANG Haifeng;Over the past few decades, China′s uranium resource mining and metallurgy technology has undergone a development process from nothing to something, and from weak to strong. It has introduced trackless mining and "three-under" mining technologies, broken through surface heap leaching and underground heap leaching, innovated in-situ blasting leaching and bacterial heap leaching, practiced acid, alkaline and neutral in-situ leaching of uranium mining technologies, explored and improved borehole drilling, underground leaching methods and hydrometallurgical processes, built digital mines in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, verified the control of leaching area, the treatment and reuse of waste drilling mud, reverse osmosis treatment of waste liquids, and the groundwater remediation of decommissioned test mines, and implemented the rational mining and metallurgy of uranium-molybdenum and uranium-coal deposits, and explored the technology of extracting uranium from seawater. The new technologies and processes practiced in uranium resource mining and metallurgy have become the driving force for China′s natural uranium production. Looking to the future, China′s uranium resource mining and metallurgy industry is bound to innovate and create greater breakthroughs.
Research Progress and Prospects of Adsorbent Materials for Uranium Extraction from Seawater
SHANG Ziming;WU Haotian;LI He;LI Ziming;GOU Yangfei;CHEN Shusen;The development of nuclear energy plays a vital role in the adjustment of national energy structure and environmental sustainability. The stable supply of natural uranium is essential for nuclear energy development. Given China′s relatively limited terrestrial uranium reserves, extracting uranium resources from the vast oceanic territories holds significant strategic value. However, the complex and variable marine environment presents considerable challenges for conventional adsorbent materials and technologies to effectively separate uranium at extremely low concentrations, necessitating the urgent development of specialized adsorbent materials for uranium extraction from seawater. In recent years, researchers domestically and internationally have developed numerous uranium separation materials and conducted promising practical trials under seawater conditions. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in various seawater uranium extraction technologies based on the characteristics of different adsorbent materials, addresses the multifaceted technical challenges encountered in uranium extraction under real seawater conditions, and provides insights into future prospects for the development of uranium extraction technologies from seawater.
Application of Geophysical Logging for Uranium Exploration in Chepaizi Area, Junggar Basin
CHEN Fang;HU Zhiwei;MAO Guangzhen;ZHANG Shuxin;YANG Yanbo;Uranium is a strategic mineral resource in China, and geophysical logging plays a crucial role in sandstone type uranium exploration. This study applies various commonly geophysical logging methods to prospect for uranium in the Chepaizi area of the Junggar Basin. Beginning with the logging instruments and methods, we determine favorable prospecting horizons within the Shawan Formation, Taxihe Formation, and Tuguru Group based on statistical analysis of gamma logging result and radioactive background value across different strata and sections within the study area. The 128 Regiment section, as well as its north and southwest parts, are identified as favorable areas for prospecting. Additionally, comprehensive study and interpretation of geophysical logging parameters allow for accurately divide borehole lithology. Abnormal responses from spontaneous potential(SP) curves suggest a relative relationship between drilling fluid and formation water salinity. When combined with apparent resistivity curve analysis, geochemical characteristics of high-salinity formation water within the Shawan Formation target layer are obtained. High-salinity water of Shawan Formation is conducive to oil and gas accumulation, and their migration provide favorable conditions for uranium reduction enrichment and mineralization. Overall, the application of geophysical logging in Chepaizi area proves beneficial for uranium metallogenic analysis and prospecting in this area.
Research and Application of Dynamic Management Method for Mineral Resources and Reserves Based on 3D Visualization Technology
QIAN Bing;BI Lin;CHEN Xin;XU Yang;For the precise quantification and calculation of solid mineral resources and reserves,this study utilizes data from exploration projects,mining design,and engineering surveys during the exploration and development of solid minerals.By employing three-dimensional(3D) digitalization methods and visualization techniques,we have constructed 3D geological attribute models,designed mine-out models,and 3D excavation engineering models.Furthermore,we have integrated the statistical computation of resources and reserves with these 3D entity models,proposing a 3D statistical computation method and data management framework specifically tailored for solid mineral resources and reserves.The findings indicate that the application of 3D digitalization methods enables accurate and detailed accounting and computation of resources and reserves and production ores,precise classification of resource reserve types,and dynamic updating of resources and reserves based on the continuously expanding information of ore body control points,thereby enhancing the efficiency of dynamic management of solid mineral resources and reserves.Practical application cases have further confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the 3D digital dynamic management method for solid mineral resources and reserves.
Numerical Simulation and Verification of Sublevel Deep-hole Continuous Mining in Mianhuakeng Mine
LIU Haiyang;XIE Guosen;FU Hongning;SONG Lixia;KUANG Zhengping;QIN Xuzhong;Aiming at the safety and inefficiency issues existing in the mining of Mianhuakeng mine, this study established a three-dimensional geological model of the ore body and conducted research such as stope structure parameter simulation and numerical simulation of deep-hole blasting disturbance, then obtained stope structure parameters and mining process parameters. Through on-site mining tests to verify and optimize these parameters, a pillarless sublevel deep-hole continuous mining technology was developed. This technology enables simultaneous operation of multiple processes and unmanned operation in the stope, resulting in the monthly production capacity of the stope approximately three times that of the existing horizontal slicing backfill mining technology, and a reduction in the direct mining cost of about 13%, significantly improving the mining efficiency and safety of Mianhuakeng mine.
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Experimental Study on Mobile Spray Technology in Heap Leaching of Uranium Mine
DENG Jianguo;SHI Liuyin;KANG Jiahong;XIONG Weibin;CAO Biao;HUANG Yanping;DONG Hongzhen;In order to solve the problems of easy clogging by debris and uneven application of leaching agents in the microsprinkler tape liquid distribution system, and to enhance the uniformity and efficiency of the heap leaching process, a feasibility study on the application of a mobile sprinkling method in a certain uranium mine heap leaching was conducted. The effects of parameters such as the sprinkling volume, the moving speed of the sprinkler machine, and the instantaneous sprinkling intensity of the sprinkler machine on the permeability of the ore heap were investigated. The results show that when using a 3.6 mm aperture nozzle for sprinkling and the sprinkler machine running at a speed of 8 to 10 m/min, a uniform liquid distribution effect can be achieved with a single row of sprinkling pipelines within a flow rate range of 6.7 to 13.8 m3/h. Compared with micro-sprinkler tape sprinkling, the use of mobile sprinkling results in a relatively uniform leaching of the ore heap, enabling uniform leaching of the ore heap, with average leaching rate of uranium residue reaching 92.55%. This study provides technical support for the industrial application of mobile sprinkling technology in uranium mine heap leaching.
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Experimental Study on the Dissolution Effect of Small Molecule Organic Acids on Biotite
WANG Can;LING Yang;ZHANG Hui;LI Feng;DING Dexin;To enhance the leachability of low-permeability uranium-bearing strata during in-situ leaching, biotite—a mineral commonly enriched in the Nalinggou sandstone-type uranium deposit, which often leads to localized densification and impeded fluid flow—was systematically investigated for its dissolution behavior in the presence of three low-molecular-weight organic acids: citric acid, tartaric acid, and succinic acid. A comparative study was conducted through dissolution experiments and PHREEQC simulations, combined with analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area analysis. The research focused on the mechanisms of structural alteration, cation release characteristics, and pore parameter evolution of biotite under varying organic acid concentrations. The results demonstrate that organic acids significantly enhance biotite dissolution, leading to increased cation release, aggravated crystal structure degradation, and expanded specific surface area and pore volume. These effects intensify with higher acid concentrations. Among the tested acids, tartaric acid exhibited the most pronounced dissolution effect, increasing the specific surface area from 4.071 8 m2/g to 9.184 5 m2/g. PHREEQC simulations revealed that organic acids effectively inhibit the precipitation of Al(OH)3 and Fe oxides by complexing with Al3+ and Fe3+, thereby prolonging the mineral dissolution process. The study indicates that low-molecular-weight organic acids can improve the permeability of uranium-bearing layers by enhancing mineral dissolution and optimizing pore structure. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for improving uranium leachability.
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Experimental Research and Industrial Practice on Quality Improvement of Natural Uranium Product in In-situ Leaching Uranium Mines
ZHANG Yunfeng;LI Hongmei;YANG Yihan;XIAO Zuoxue;XIAO Biquan;XIA Xincheng;Based on experimental research focused on enhancing the grade of natural uranium products, reducing impurity content, and controlling moisture levels, the key factors affecting product quality were analyzed. Corresponding measures were proposed, including increasing the uranium concentration of the qualified precipitation solution, elevating the precipitation temperature, improving the washing efficiency of the precipitate slurry, and optimizing the pressure and airflow during gaspressurized filtration. Industrial application demonstrated that after implementing these measures, the uranium grade of the product was raised from 60% to 65%, with a maximum of 67.51%, moisture content was reduced from 25%–29% to 23%–24%; and the sulfate(SO42-) mass fraction was below 10%. These results fully comply with the new industry acceptance standards for natural uranium products specified by the customer.
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Study on the Effects of Pressure Conditions on Leaching Performance of Uranium Ore Heap Leaching
LI Da;LI Jingyang;ZENG Sheng;MENG Fanfei;Pressurization serves as a critical approach for regulating reaction rate in hydrometallurgical processes. To investigate the effects of pressure conditions on uranium leaching performance, laboratory-scale simulated heap leaching tests of uranium ore were carried out using a self-made room-temperature pressurized leaching device, with hard-rock type uranium ore from a mine in southern China as the research material. The results indicate that room-temperature pressurized leaching can accelerates the leaching reaction rate, yet it exerts no positive effect on improving the final uranium leaching rate. Pressurization exhibits a significant promoting effect on uranium leaching before the uranium leaching rate reaches 60%, and the leaching performance is optimal under a pressure of 40 kPa when the uranium leaching rate is below 85%. After 15 days of pressurized leaching, the highest uranium leaching rate reaches 94.66%, while the lowest is 85.90%. This study reveals that based on the correlation between pressure and leaching performance during room-temperature pressurized leaching, the uranium heap leaching technology can be effectively optimized by regulating pressure—a physical parameter with the advantages of controllability and low cost—thereby achieving the high-efficiency recovery of uranium resources.
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ON THE THEORY OF AXIAL VARIATION AND BASIC RULES OF DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF ROCKS SURROUNDING UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS
Yu Xuefu (Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology)At present, theories applied to explain stability of underground excavation have been undergoing a progress from the analogism of empirical engineering toward the scientific reasoning.(下转第7页)The significant marking of the progress proceeding from the recognization of the stress of virgin rock as an important influential factor,is the application of concrete analyses to the stress of rock surrounding the underground excavation and the modes of their deformation and destruction that are beyond the mechanical application of conventional rules for surface structures to approach underground problems, and hence entering into a new stage that scientific theories are being used to explain modes of stability of underground excavation, In this paper, the theory of axial variation and basic rules of deformation and destruction of surrounding rocks are emphatically discussed. Besides, conventional me thods for stabilization and maintenance of excavations and development of ground pressures are also described briefly.
Treatment technology of low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and its research progress
WEI Guang-zhi,XU Le-chang(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)With growth of the discharged uraniumbearing wastewater capacity,a low cost and effective treatment technology is required to avoid transferring and diffusing of the radioactive nuclides.On the basis of analyses of the source and characteristics of the low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater,the conventional treatment technologies,such as,flocculating settling,ion exchange,concentration,adsorption,and some innovatory technologies,such as,membrane,microorganism,phytoremediation and zero-valent iron technology are introduced.
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INTRODUCTION TO COMMON SOFTWARE PRODUCTS MODELING GROUNDWATER
XU Le chang(Research Institute of Uranium Mining, CNNC, Hengyang 421001, China)Groundwater Modeling is playing an increasingly important role in researching into groundwater.Now hundreds of software products modeling groundwater are available.This paper introduces main functions and features of some common software products,such as GMS,Visual MODFLOW,Visual Groundwater,PHREEQC,HST3D,TNTmips,and moreover,presents steps in modeling protocol.
DETERMINATION OF RADON EDUCTION RATE AND EXPLORATION ON ITS INFLUENCE FACTORS
LI Ren jie [WT5”BZ][ST5”BZ](Jinyuan Uranium Corporation, CNNC, Beijing 100822, China)Methods of determination of radon eduction rate in uranium mining and hydrome tallurgy system are discribed.Its influence factors such as precipitation,air pressure,air temperature,ground temperature,and humidity etc.are explored.
Research advances in treatment technology of radioactive wastewater
LI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Ye(Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)Traditional treatment technologies on radioactive wastewater such as flocculating sedimentation,ion exchange,evaporation concentration and adsorption method at home and abroad are reviewed,and the latest research progress such as membrane method,biological treatment,magnetic-molecules method,inert curing method and permeable reactive(zero-valent iron) barriers technology are introduced.
Treatment technology of low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and its research progress
WEI Guang-zhi,XU Le-chang(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)With growth of the discharged uraniumbearing wastewater capacity,a low cost and effective treatment technology is required to avoid transferring and diffusing of the radioactive nuclides.On the basis of analyses of the source and characteristics of the low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater,the conventional treatment technologies,such as,flocculating settling,ion exchange,concentration,adsorption,and some innovatory technologies,such as,membrane,microorganism,phytoremediation and zero-valent iron technology are introduced.
[Downloads: 2,763 ] [Citations: 243 ] [Reads: 40 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
A summary of studies on mine wastewater treatment
MA Yao,HU Bao-qun,SUN Zhan-xue(East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)The composition of mine wastewater is complicated and is harmful to the environment.The mine wastewater treatment methods include mainly neutralization,constructed wetland and microorganism methods.The three methods are summarized,with focus on the microorganism method.The mechanisms,characteristics and influencing factors of the sulfate reducing bacteria and the iron oxidizing bacteria are discribed in detail.The treatment methods of uranium mine wastewater are presented.
INTRODUCTION TO COMMON SOFTWARE PRODUCTS MODELING GROUNDWATER
XU Le chang(Research Institute of Uranium Mining, CNNC, Hengyang 421001, China)Groundwater Modeling is playing an increasingly important role in researching into groundwater.Now hundreds of software products modeling groundwater are available.This paper introduces main functions and features of some common software products,such as GMS,Visual MODFLOW,Visual Groundwater,PHREEQC,HST3D,TNTmips,and moreover,presents steps in modeling protocol.
Research advances in treatment technology of radioactive wastewater
LI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Ye(Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)Traditional treatment technologies on radioactive wastewater such as flocculating sedimentation,ion exchange,evaporation concentration and adsorption method at home and abroad are reviewed,and the latest research progress such as membrane method,biological treatment,magnetic-molecules method,inert curing method and permeable reactive(zero-valent iron) barriers technology are introduced.
Research advances in adsorption of heavy metals by algae
ZHANG Yong-liang1,ZHANG Hao-jiang2,XIE Shui-bo1,TANG Dong-shan1,CHEN Shan1,WANG Shui-yun1(1.Pollution Control and Resource Technology Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;2.School of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)Algae has a strong ability to enrich heavy metal ions.It can be used as biological adsorbent to remove and recover the heavy metals in industrial wastewater.The basic features of algae,the adsorption mechanisms and ion exchange of the toxic heavy metals are introduced.Key factors of influencing algae adsorption,such as pH value,adsorption time,coexistence ions and pretreatment are explained.Thermodynamics and dynamics of algae adsorption are also discussed.The research directions are presented.
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