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Introduction
Journal Editorial Board:Editorial Board of Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
Publication Period: Quarterly
Publication Place: Beijing
Language: Chinese
Supervisor: China National Nuclear Corporation
Organizer: Chinese Nuclear Society
Publisher: Editorial Board of Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
Editor in Chief: SU Xuebin
Tel: 8610-51674348, 51674124
E-mail: youkuangye@cnmstc.com
ISSN：1000-8063
CN：11-1969/TL
Postal Distribution Code: 82-745
Website: https://ykyi.cbpt.cnki.net
Mechanism Study and Conditions Optimization of Microelectric Field Coupled Microbial Remediation of Acidic Wastewater from In-situ Leaching Uranium Mining
HAN Zhaoshun;LIU Zhenzhong;LI Chunguang;LI Yongmei;TAN Kaixuan;ZHANG Yu;LIU Longcheng;Acidic wastewater generated by in-situ leaching uranium poses a serious threat to the groundwater environment. Aiming at the problems of long microbial remediation cycle, low survival rate and insufficient stability of electrokinetic remediation, a remediation method of microelectric field-coupled sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) was proposed. Through simulated wastewater remediation experiments, a three-chamber electrochemical device was constructed to explore the remediation mechanism and optimize the key parameters by combining the electromigration effect with the reduction function of SRB. The results show that the coupled remediation system significantly enhanced the uranium(VI) removal rate(more than 98%), and effectively reduced the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, Fe and other metal ions(removal rate>80%) and sulfate content(removal rate > 90%). Under the influence of an electric field, uranyl ions migrate to the cathode region, where they are predominantly reduced by S2- generated through the metabolic activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) and subsequently co-precipitated. A minor fraction is reduced to U(IV) via electrode reactions. Experiments show that the different potential gradients can lead to different pH in the cathode chamber, which affects the remediation effect, with H+ leading to the escape of S2- under acidic conditions(pH<4) and the formation of soluble uranium complexes easily under alkaline conditions(pH>9); with a potential gradient of 0.2～0.4 V/cm, the balancing remediation efficiency, microbial activity and energy economy. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the green and efficient remediation of acidic wastewater from uranium extraction by in-situ leaching technology.
Research on High-pressure Liquid Injection Technology in a Low-permeability Sandstone Uranium Mine
HOU Daiwen;LI Hongxing;LIU Shuangmin;HE Ke;Low-permeability sandstone uranium mine, with its poor permeability and high injection difficulty, has brought great challenges to the traditional in-situ leaching mining technology. In view of the current low permeability uranium mining problems, this paper discussed the innovative application of high-pressure liquid injection technology in the field of in-situ leaching mining and its effectiveness. Comparative tests were conducted to verify the effectiveness of high-pressure liquid injection technology, pumping liquid volume test and tracer test were carried out under atmospheric pressure and high-pressure conditions respectively. The test results show that compared with the atmospheric pressure condition, the high-pressure liquid injection technology increases the injection flow by 6.4 times, the pumping flow by 1.05 times and the seepage velocity by 33 times. High-pressure liquid injection technology can effectively solve the leachants injection problem in low-permeability sandstone uranium mine, and the technology is convenient to implement in the mine site.
Influence of Ore Shape on the Efficiency of Radioactive Sorting and Detection
ZHANG Chen;HOU Xianming;HOU Jiang;LI Shaohai;TIAN Yuhui;LI Guang;MA Jia;ZHANG Shouxun;The ore subjected to radioactive sorting treatment is crushed ore, with random shapes, which directly affects the accuracy of ore grade detection. To enhance the accuracy of radioactive separation detection, standard samples of uranium ore were prepared to conduct an influence test on how the shape of uranium ore affects detection efficiency. The relationship between the ore shape factor and the variation coefficient of detection efficiency was examined, leading to the establishment of a detection efficiency correction algorithm based on ore shape. Additionally, a quantification method for ore shape suitable for uranium ore radioactivity detection was proposed. The validity of the proposed detection efficiency correction algorithm has been verified through practical ore sorting tests. After implementing this algorithm, the error in uranium ore grade detection was reduced to less than 5% in over 70% of the test groups. This significantly mitigates the impact of ore shape on detection efficiency and enhances the accuracy of uranium ore grade detection.
Exploration and Research on Cavitation Technology of Liquid Flow in In-situ Leaching of Uranium
LIU Yang;ZHOU Genmao;LIU Ke;LI Yong;With the development of uranium mining, uranium mining technology has rapidly advanced, but various challenges have emerged. In the process of in-situ leaching of uranium, there is often a phenomenon of decreased pumping and injection volume, which seriously affects the efficiency of uranium leaching. In response to the problem of decreased pumping and injection volume, physical, chemical, and combined well cleaning techniques have been carried out. The washing technology can solve the blockage around the wells, but its washing effect lasts for a short time and has a small impact radius, which cannot fundamentally solve the problem of decreased flow rate. The liquid flow cavitation technology is widely used in petroleum extraction, which can effectively increase the production of pumping wells and reduce the pressure of injection wells. However, it has not been involved in the in-situ of uranium process. In this paper, by comparing the difference between uranium leaching technology and petroleum technology, the cavitation device is optimized, and the drilling wellhead device is improved in the ground test, and then the liquid flow cavitation test is carried out. During the test, the operation displacement reached 2 m3/min and the pressure was about 21 MPa, which verified the feasibility of liquid flow cavitation technology in in-situ of uranium, and provided a new idea for improving the permeability of uranium mine.
Optimization of Leaching Process Parameters of Hard Rock Uranium Ore
KANG Jiahong;DENG Jianguo;CAO Biao;LIU Huan;SHI Liuyin;LIU Zaidao;LIU Jun;WANG Yingcai;MA Wentao;Due to the change in ore properties of a certain hard rock uranium mine with the increase of mining depth, the heap leaching process of the ore encountered the problem of heap scaling. In order to solve the problem, the effects of leaching agent acidity, spray intensity, column height and particle size on heap scaling were studied. The results show that when the acidity of the leaching agent is 50.0 g/L, the spray intensity is 40.0 L/(m2·h), and the leaching period is 30 days, there is no scaling in the column leaching test, and the uranium leaching rate of-10 mm ore reaches 83.40%. The results of the 800 t ore pilot test confirms that there is no scaling in the heap with high acidity and large spray intensity, and the uranium leaching rate reaches 86.57%.
Study on Micro-nano Oxygenation Technology for In-situ Leaching of Uranium
REN Huaping;KE Pingchao;SHI Zhenfeng;JIA Zhiyuan;LI De;ZHOU Yipeng;XIE Xiliang;ZHANG Ziye;The ore-bearing aquifer in a sandstone-type uranium deposit in Xinjiang has poor permeability and small amount of water in the well. When using the "CO_2+ O2" neutral leaching process, it is difficult to add oxygen, and the oxidation efficiency of U(Ⅳ) in the ore is low, resulting in a low leaching rate of uranium resources. To solve this problem, an efficient micro-nano oxygenation device was developed. The study shows that this device can add oxygen steadily and continuously to the low permeability and low water well. Under the condition that the leaching agent is supplemented with NH_4HCO3 and the CO_2concentration is unchanged, compared with the traditional single well oxygenation, the stability of oxygen addition in the leaching agent increased by 44.53%, the concentration in the leaching solution increased by 49.48%, the oxidation capacity of the ore layer was increased, the oxygen consumption was reduced by 20.16%, and the monthly leaching rate was increased by 20.92% during micro-nano oxygenation.
Integrated Geophysical-Geochemical Method and Mineral Prospecting Model for Uranium-Molybdenum Exploration in Shanghuofang Area,Inner Mongolia
WANG Shicheng;YU Bing;WANG Changdong;HAO Xiaofei;DONG Xiaoyu;LIN Tianfa;YU Honglong;The Guyuan-Hongshanzi area is a prominent uranium metallogenic belt in northern China, with the Hongshanzi pluton situated in its northern segment. In the eastern Shanghuofang area of the pluton, an integrated prospecting approach combining geological, geochemical, and geophysical methods was employed. By employing soil geochemistry and radon gas measurement techniques, geochemical anomalies were identified and the exploration area was effectively constrained. These anomalies were further analyzed in conjunction with induced polarization data, highlighting zones characterized by high resistivity and high chargeability, as well as the morphological features of high-precision ground magnetic anomalies. This integrated approach facilitated the interpretation of the structural framework in the Shanghuofang area. Induced polarization sounding provided insights into the spatial configuration of deep-seated anomalies, while controlled-source audio magnetotelluric(CSAMT) sounding delineated favorable zones for mineralization at greater depths, thereby enabling accurate spatial prediction of uranium-molybdenum ore bodies. Drilling validation confirmed the presence of multiple uranium-molybdenum ore bodies. The comprehensive geological, geochemical and geophysical prospecting process and prospecting model in Shanghuofang area were summarized and established, which provided the prospecting direction for uranium polymetallic ore exploration in this area.
Study on the Measurement of Hafnium Using Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis Technology
JIA Wenbao;CUI Yumeng;WANG Ning;WANG Zeliang;ZHANG Zhenhua;ZHANG Yan;CHENG Can;Plate-type nuclear fuel is extensively employed in small modular reactors, where the incorporation of neutron poisons into fuel elements enhances fuel utilization efficiency. Hafnium(Hf), a commonly used neutron poison, is widely applied in nuclear fuel assemblies. Ensuring operational safety necessitates accurate quantification of neutron poison content.In this study, the detection of Hf was investigated using Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis(PGNAA). A PGNAA system comprising a D-T neutron generator and a high-purity germanium detector was established to measure Hf plate samples. The system achieved a mass detection limit of 3.89 g for Hf. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation model of the measurement system was developed to calculate the characteristic gamma rays induced by neutron excitation. The calculated results deviated from the experimental measurements by less than 10%, thereby validating the model's reliability.These findings provide both experimental and theoretical support for the application of PGNAA technology in measuring Hf content in nuclear fuel elements.
Investment and Business Strategies and M&A Implications for Major Global Uranium Companies
WANG Kai;YUAN Shen;ZHANG Jian;TAO Erkan;This paper studies the investment and management strategies of major global uranium mining companies and summarizes the insights and recommendations for Chinese uranium mining enterprises in the uranium market. Selecting six major uranium companies, including Kazatomprom, Rosatom, BHP, Cameco, Paladin Energy and Orano, as research subjects,analyzing their strategic trends, exploration and development strategies, and uranium asset portfolios. The study found that during periods of low uranium prices, these companies improved profitability through technological innovation, cost reduction,production cuts, halting high-cost mines, and securing long-term contract prices. During the uranium price recovery cycle,these companies quickly adjusted their strategies, increased investment in risk exploration, and restarted suspended mines,leading to significant growth in revenue and net profit. Based on these experiences, this paper proposes the five recommendations. First, uranium mining enterprises should enhance their understanding of industry cyclicality and optimize their asset portfolios. Second, they should continue to increase investment in uranium-rich countries to enhance resource control.Third, they should flexibly adjust production strategies and produce on-demand to stabilize spot market prices. Fourth, they should pursue diversified development through comprehensive mining operations. Lastly, they should continuously increase exploration investment to prepare for future resources.
Research and Application of Dynamic Management Method for Mineral Resources and Reserves Based on 3D Visualization Technology
QIAN Bing;BI Lin;CHEN Xin;XU Yang;For the precise quantification and calculation of solid mineral resources and reserves, this study utilizes data from exploration projects, mining design, and engineering surveys during the exploration and development of solid minerals. By employing three-dimensional(3D) digitalization methods and visualization techniques, we have constructed 3D geological attribute models, designed mine-out models, and 3D excavation engineering models.Furthermore, we have integrated the statistical computation of resources and reserves with these 3D entity models,proposing a 3D statistical computation method and data management framework specifically tailored for solid mineral resources and reserves. The findings indicate that the application of 3D digitalization methods enables accurate and detailed accounting and computation of resources and reserves and production ores, precise classification of resource reserve types, and dynamic updating of resources and reserves based on the continuously expanding information of ore body control points, thereby enhancing the efficiency of dynamic management of solid mineral resources and reserves.Practical application cases have further confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the 3D digital dynamic management method for solid mineral resources and reserves.
ON THE THEORY OF AXIAL VARIATION AND BASIC RULES OF DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF ROCKS SURROUNDING UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS
Yu Xuefu (Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology)At present, theories applied to explain stability of underground excavation have been undergoing a progress from the analogism of empirical engineering toward the scientific reasoning.(下转第7页)The significant marking of the progress proceeding from the recognization of the stress of virgin rock as an important influential factor,is the application of concrete analyses to the stress of rock surrounding the underground excavation and the modes of their deformation and destruction that are beyond the mechanical application of conventional rules for surface structures to approach underground problems, and hence entering into a new stage that scientific theories are being used to explain modes of stability of underground excavation, In this paper, the theory of axial variation and basic rules of deformation and destruction of surrounding rocks are emphatically discussed. Besides, conventional me thods for stabilization and maintenance of excavations and development of ground pressures are also described briefly.
Treatment technology of low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and its research progress
WEI Guang-zhi,XU Le-chang(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)With growth of the discharged uraniumbearing wastewater capacity,a low cost and effective treatment technology is required to avoid transferring and diffusing of the radioactive nuclides.On the basis of analyses of the source and characteristics of the low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater,the conventional treatment technologies,such as,flocculating settling,ion exchange,concentration,adsorption,and some innovatory technologies,such as,membrane,microorganism,phytoremediation and zero-valent iron technology are introduced.
[Downloads: 2,715 ] [Citations: 237 ] [Reads: 3 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
INTRODUCTION TO COMMON SOFTWARE PRODUCTS MODELING GROUNDWATER
XU Le chang(Research Institute of Uranium Mining, CNNC, Hengyang 421001, China)Groundwater Modeling is playing an increasingly important role in researching into groundwater.Now hundreds of software products modeling groundwater are available.This paper introduces main functions and features of some common software products,such as GMS,Visual MODFLOW,Visual Groundwater,PHREEQC,HST3D,TNTmips,and moreover,presents steps in modeling protocol.
DETERMINATION OF RADON EDUCTION RATE AND EXPLORATION ON ITS INFLUENCE FACTORS
LI Ren jie [WT5”BZ][ST5”BZ](Jinyuan Uranium Corporation, CNNC, Beijing 100822, China)Methods of determination of radon eduction rate in uranium mining and hydrome tallurgy system are discribed.Its influence factors such as precipitation,air pressure,air temperature,ground temperature,and humidity etc.are explored.
Research advances in treatment technology of radioactive wastewater
LI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Ye(Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)Traditional treatment technologies on radioactive wastewater such as flocculating sedimentation,ion exchange,evaporation concentration and adsorption method at home and abroad are reviewed,and the latest research progress such as membrane method,biological treatment,magnetic-molecules method,inert curing method and permeable reactive(zero-valent iron) barriers technology are introduced.
Treatment technology of low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and its research progress
WEI Guang-zhi,XU Le-chang(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)With growth of the discharged uraniumbearing wastewater capacity,a low cost and effective treatment technology is required to avoid transferring and diffusing of the radioactive nuclides.On the basis of analyses of the source and characteristics of the low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater,the conventional treatment technologies,such as,flocculating settling,ion exchange,concentration,adsorption,and some innovatory technologies,such as,membrane,microorganism,phytoremediation and zero-valent iron technology are introduced.
[Downloads: 2,715 ] [Citations: 237 ] [Reads: 3 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
A summary of studies on mine wastewater treatment
MA Yao,HU Bao-qun,SUN Zhan-xue(East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)The composition of mine wastewater is complicated and is harmful to the environment.The mine wastewater treatment methods include mainly neutralization,constructed wetland and microorganism methods.The three methods are summarized,with focus on the microorganism method.The mechanisms,characteristics and influencing factors of the sulfate reducing bacteria and the iron oxidizing bacteria are discribed in detail.The treatment methods of uranium mine wastewater are presented.
INTRODUCTION TO COMMON SOFTWARE PRODUCTS MODELING GROUNDWATER
XU Le chang(Research Institute of Uranium Mining, CNNC, Hengyang 421001, China)Groundwater Modeling is playing an increasingly important role in researching into groundwater.Now hundreds of software products modeling groundwater are available.This paper introduces main functions and features of some common software products,such as GMS,Visual MODFLOW,Visual Groundwater,PHREEQC,HST3D,TNTmips,and moreover,presents steps in modeling protocol.
Research advances in treatment technology of radioactive wastewater
LI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Ye(Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)Traditional treatment technologies on radioactive wastewater such as flocculating sedimentation,ion exchange,evaporation concentration and adsorption method at home and abroad are reviewed,and the latest research progress such as membrane method,biological treatment,magnetic-molecules method,inert curing method and permeable reactive(zero-valent iron) barriers technology are introduced.
Research advances in adsorption of heavy metals by algae
ZHANG Yong-liang1,ZHANG Hao-jiang2,XIE Shui-bo1,TANG Dong-shan1,CHEN Shan1,WANG Shui-yun1(1.Pollution Control and Resource Technology Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;2.School of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)Algae has a strong ability to enrich heavy metal ions.It can be used as biological adsorbent to remove and recover the heavy metals in industrial wastewater.The basic features of algae,the adsorption mechanisms and ion exchange of the toxic heavy metals are introduced.Key factors of influencing algae adsorption,such as pH value,adsorption time,coexistence ions and pretreatment are explained.Thermodynamics and dynamics of algae adsorption are also discussed.The research directions are presented.
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