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Introduction
Journal Editorial Board:Editorial Board of Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
Publication Period: Quarterly
Publication Place: Beijing
Language: Chinese
Supervisor: China National Nuclear Corporation
Organizer: Chinese Nuclear Society
Publisher: Editorial Board of Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
Editor in Chief: SU Xuebin
Tel: 8610-51674348, 51674124
E-mail: youkuangye@cnmstc.com
ISSN：1000-8063
CN：11-1969/TL
Postal Distribution Code: 82-745
Website: https://ykyi.cbpt.cnki.net
Design of Gamma Array Beneficiation Detection System and Its Consistency Correction Method
YAN Yuantong;WANG Dongyang;WANG Renbo;LIU Qi;QIU Huan;ZHANG Xiongjie;To enhance the separation efficiency and accuracy of medium and low-grade uranium ores, we developed a gamma array beneficiation detection system based on 64 NaI detectors and established a reliable consistency correction method. This system adopts an 8-column×8-row array layout, integrating a digital single-channel pulse amplitude analyzer, an FPGA data processing module and an STM32 control module, which can achieve synchronous acquisition and real-time processing of gamma-ray signals from uranium ore conveyed by belts. To address the problem of count rate deviation caused by multi-detector process differences, a mathematical model for count rate consistency analysis was constructed, and one-way analysis of variance was used for consistency evaluation. The test results show that before calibration, the F value among the detector groups reached 3 654.41, and the P value was 0, significantly deviating from the consistency standard. Then, the t-test method was adopted to locate the abnormal detectors. After calibrating the abnormal detectors, the F value dropped to 0.64, P=0.98>0.05, and there was no significant difference in the counting rates of each detector. This system effectively enhances the accuracy and stability of signal acquisition, providing efficient technical support for the pre-beneficiation of low-grade uranium ore before grinding. It has significant engineering value for expanding the utilization boundaries of mineral resources and reducing subsequent processing costs.
Process Mineralogical Study of Uranium Ores in Qingshankou Formation of a Uranium Deposit in Songliao Basin
LIU Xiaokui;HOU Chunru;YUAN Yuan;YI Aifei;HU Rile;GAO Yonghong;The Qingshankou Formation is one of the primary ore-bearing layers for uranium deposits in the Songliao Basin, where the techno-metallurgical characteristics of the ores directly determine the feasibility of in-situ leaching uranium. This study focuses on sandstone type ores in the Qingshankou Formation, employing petrographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis to conduct techno-metallurgical research, systematically revealing the occurrence patterns of uranium minerals. The results indicate that uranium minerals in fine sandstones of the Qingshankou Formation are predominantly uraninite and pitchblende, primarily distributed along the edges of clastic particles, which facilitates contact between uranium minerals and leaching solutions. Additionally, the pores in fine sandstones are mainly intergranular, promoting uniform diffusion of leaching agents. In contrast, uranium minerals in mud breccia are primarily uraninite, mainly distributed within the mud breccia, which hinders contact between leaching solutions and uranium minerals, increasing leaching difficulty. The study suggests that the Qingshankou Formation of a uranium deposit in the Songliao Basin has the potential to become an ideal mining horizon in the region.
Construction and Application of Collaborative Technology System for Mine Geology,Surveying,and Mining:A Case Study of Kangjiawan Mine
LIANG Zonghuo;QIU Ming;ZUO Zong;YANG Feng;Against the background of digital transformation in the mining industry, long-standing issues such as data fragmentation, disjointed workflows, and insufficient collaboration mechanisms among geology, surveying, and mining disciplines have become key bottlenecks constraining improvements in production efficiency and technical management. Focusing on geology-surveying-mining collaboration, this study establishes a full-process collaborative technical system for mining production. Based on unified data standards, a layered architecture consisting of a data layer, toolset layer, collaborative operation platform layer, and mining business layer is proposed. A process-driven mechanism is employed to enable coordinated operation of core tasks such as geological modeling, surveying updates, and mining design, forming a closed-loop technical management model that covers task initiation, process control, result review, and archival sharing. Application results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively addresses common issues in traditional management modes, including data version inconsistency and poor traceability of business workflows, significantly enhances cross-disciplinary collaboration efficiency and technical management capability, and promotes the transformation of mining production management from experience-driven to process-and data-driven practices.
Key Parameters for Casing Slotted Well in In-situ Leaching of Uranium
LI Xilong;YAN Jifan;LIU Xiaokui;KOU Wenjie;In order to solve the problems of cumbersome construction process,irreplaceable filter and non-convertible function of extractable liquid in complex sandstone type uranium deposits in the traditional in-situ leaching uranium well configuration(such as large-diameter gravel filling well configuration),a new type of slotted well configuration and its construction technology were proposed.The configuration adopts a one-diameter to the end method,the casing is lowered through the whole hole and the reverse grouting is cemented,and then the industrial ore section is slapped by high-pressure hydraulic sandblasting technology to open up the hydraulic connection channel inside and outside the casing.Through laboratory tests,the key technical parameters of hydraulic sandblasting joints were studied,including the effects of spray pressure,nozzle diameter and moving speed on the depth and width of the joints.The results indicate the optimal slotted performance is achieved when the injection pressure is maintained 30 MPa,the nozzle diameter is set at 3.5 mm,and the moving speed is controlled at 90 mm/min.The slotted well configuration has the advantages of simple construction process,high efficiency,less consumables and high well quality,and is suitable for the mining of complex sandstone type uranium deposits to improve the recovery rate of uranium resources.
Pilot Test on Purification of Pregnant Solution of In-situ Leaching Uranium Based on Microchannel Separation Technology
LIU Tianyin;LI Xilong;RUAN Zhilong;DONG Huiqi;YANG Danhui;LYU Wenjie;The pregnant solution produced by the neutral in-situ leaching uranium process often contains a large amount of fine particles, which can easily lead to problems such as the decrease of ion exchange rate of subsequent ion exchange resins, the decrease of resin adsorption capacity, and frequent cleaning cycles. Aiming at the bottleneck of low removal efficiency and insufficient operation stability of traditional solid-liquid separation technology for fine particles, this study introduced a microchannel separation technology based on the coupling enhancement mechanism of microchannel adhesion separation—oscillation desorption, and carried out field pilot test. The experimental results show that the removal efficiency of particles with particle size >1 μm is higher than 94 %, and the removal efficiency of particles with particle size >5 μm is close to 100%. Under different influent turbidity(6-33 NTU) conditions, the effluent turbidity was stable at 2-9 NTU, and the removal rate was maintained 60%-75%. The operating pressure difference of the system increased slowly with the accumulation of particles. After 8 days of stable operation of the device, the removal efficiency of particles with particle size >1 μm decreased to 70 %. In order to restore the separation performance of the system, the device was backwashed. After backwashing, the removal ability of particles with particle size >5 μm was quickly restored. Compared with the conventional bag filter, the particles at the outlet of the microchannel separator are mainly distributed in the sub-micron to micron scale, and the medium and large particle sizes are significantly reduced. This study provides experimental basis and technical support for the engineering application of microchannel separation technology in the pretreatment of pregnant solution of in-situ leaching uranium.
Inversion Model for CO2 and O2 Concentrations Detection Based on TDLAS and PSO-BP Neural Network
CHEN Shixiong;In the in-situ leaching of uranium mining process， real-time and precise monitoring of CO₂ and O₂ concentrations constitutes a core link for regulating the leaching system and ensuring production safety. This paper proposes a gas concentration inversion model that integrates deep learning with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). First， the variational mode decomposition (VMD) model is employed to perform filtering and denoising on the absorption spectral data， thereby enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the original signal. Then， based on the infrared spectral absorption properties， appropriate absorption features are screened. Finally， a backpropagation (BP) neural network optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is constructed to achieve nonlinear fitting between the concentration features of the gas to be measured and the actual values. The simulation results show that this model effectively achieves high-precision detection of the target gas. The root mean square error and mean absolute error of CO2 and O2 are 0.358 55， 0.255 21 and 0.21626， 0.212 93 respectively. In conclusion， this scheme provides an intelligent detection method with strong anti-interference capability and high inversion accuracy for the real-time monitoring of CO2 and O2 in in-situ leaching of uranium mining， and holds certain engineering application value for promoting the digital transformation of the uranium mining and metallurgy process and the construction of safety systems.
[Downloads: 39 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 11 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Development and Application of an Intelligent Process Control System for in-situ Leaching of Sandstone Type Uranium Deposits
DU Zhiming;JIANG Zhenjiao;LI Qinci;WANG Jinxin;During in-situ leaching of uranium, the adjustment of production parameters—such as injection and pumping rates and acid dosage—remains largely experience-based, and the seepage, concentration, and leaching fields within the ore-bearing aquifer cannot be directly characterized. To address the problem that the effects of flow rate and acid dosage adjustments at different wells on uranium production exhibit cross-well propagation, time lag, and nonlinearity, making it difficult to identify the dominant wells and appropriate adjustment magnitudes based solely on well pattern and empirical experience, an intelligent control system for in-situ leaching of sandstone type uranium deposits has been developed. This software integrates functions for advance prediction of uranium concentration, real-time diagnosis of key controlling wells, dynamic optimization of injection and pumping processes, targeted regulation of production, and dynamic imaging of the in-situ leaching of uranium, forming a computational and operational workflow for multi-objective coupled analysis. Taking the engineering data from a typical mining area as an example, the software enables dynamic visualization of wellfield production data including injection and pumping flow rates, water levels, and uranium concentrations, provides regulatory recommendations for injection and pumping parameters under target uranium concentration constraints, and delivers visual representation of the ore layer permeability coefficient, residual ore content, groundwater levels, leachate uranium concentration, as well as three-dimensional seepage fields, concentration fields, and spatial distribution of ore bodies. This software demonstrates promising application prospects in the intelligent regulation and control of in-situ leaching of uranium.
[Downloads: 20 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 14 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Development and Application of Intelligent Gas Flow Control System for In-situ Leaching of Uranium Mining
JIA Hao;LIAO Wensheng;DU Zhiming;YUAN Yuan;CHEN Xiang;WANG Ruyi;LI Guanghui;ZHANG Huan;WANG Limin;“CO2+O2” in-situ leaching of uranium mining for the sandstone type uranium deposits has become the core technology for uranium extraction in China. The precise metering and control of gas injection directly affect uranium leaching efficiency， resource recovery rate and process stability. However， long-standing technical bottlenecks， including low metering accuracy and instrument damage caused by gas-liquid backflow， persist in in-situ leaching well fields. In response to the practical requirements of gas injection for in-situ leaching of uranium mining， this study presents the design， development， testing， optimization and application of an intelligent gas flow control system. The system adopts a thermal capillary mass flow controller (MFC) as the core metering unit， and innovatively introduces the principle of probabilistic risk analysis into the protection design of in-situ leaching gas circuits. A multi-level protection structure is established by combining three check valves and an automatic drainage buffer tank， which reduces the risk of gas-liquid backflow to below 0.8%. A supporting cloud-based remote control platform enables dual regulation both locally and remotely. To date， more than 1 000 sets of the system have been deployed in the "National Uranium No.1" demonstration project， with a failure and damage rate of less than 0.5% during continuous operation. The gas metering error has been significantly reduced from ±4%–±10% of traditional rotameters to ±0.69%， and the long-standing industry problem of instrument failure due to backflow has been effectively solved. The large-scale application of this system marks that the gas distribution and injection process of in-situ leaching of uranium mining in China has entered a new stage of intelligence and precision.
[Downloads: 10 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 13 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Development of a Sampling Device for Monitoring Wells in In-situ Leaching of Uranium Mining
MAO Xinlei;WANG Henan;Monitoring wells for groundwater are important facilities for environmental monitoring in in-situ leaching of uranium mining, playing key roles in experimental and production data analysis, fluid balance regulation, leaching area control, and groundwater leakage monitoring. Therefore, the sampling devices and procedures of the monitoring wells are crucial for the accuracy of water sample analysis. At an in-situ leaching uranium mine, to achieve efficient, precise, and safe sampling from monitoring wells, we developed a new sampling device tailored to the mine's conditions, addressing issues like insufficient precision, low operational efficiency, and safety risks of existing equipment, This device uses hydraulic transmission to lower and lift the sampler, and a steel cable drives the depth display to show the lowering depth in real time. By using this device, we achieved better power transmission control, precise depth setting, and improved safety, greatly enhancing overall sampling performance. This article explains the development concept, structural design, and field application results of this device, providing a technical reference for upgrading similar groundwater monitoring equipment.
[Downloads: 13 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 11 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Determination of surface contamination wipe efficiency for β-emitting sources based on the 89Y simulation method
WU Lingjun;MA Lin;HUANG Shaojie;LIANG Yali;YANG Zhen;HE Panhong;A Lili;RONG Yao;To improve the accuracy of surface contamination determination by the wipe method， this study proposed a method for obtaining the wipe efficiency of β-emitting surface contamination based on simulation using non-radioactive nuclides. In this method， 89Y was selected as the simulated nuclide. A quantitative 89Y standard solution was coated onto various experimental plate surfaces and dried at room temperature. The surfaces were then wiped with filter paper or cotton cloth using a wipe fixture or manual wiping. Subsequently， the wipe materials were leached with 5% nitric acid solution， and the 89Y content in the leachate was determined by ICP-OES. The wipe efficiency F(89Y) was calculated by comparing the measured content with the total 89Y initially coated on the plate surfaces， yielding relative standard deviations (RSD) ranging from 0.79% to 3.57%. Meanwhile， the wipe efficiency F(90Y) was obtained by comparing the total 90Y activities measured on the wipe materials and on the coated plates using a surface contamination monitor. The results show that the wipe efficiencies obtained using the simulated nuclide 89Y are in good agreement with those obtained using the radioactive nuclide 90Y， with relative deviations ranging from -1.40% to 3.30%. Actual samples were verified using a low-background α/β measuring instrument， and the results were consistent. The simulation method proposed in this study provides a new technical approach for wipe detection of β-emitting surface contamination.
[Downloads: 7 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 12 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
ON THE THEORY OF AXIAL VARIATION AND BASIC RULES OF DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF ROCKS SURROUNDING UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS
Yu Xuefu (Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology)At present, theories applied to explain stability of underground excavation have been undergoing a progress from the analogism of empirical engineering toward the scientific reasoning.(下转第7页)The significant marking of the progress proceeding from the recognization of the stress of virgin rock as an important influential factor,is the application of concrete analyses to the stress of rock surrounding the underground excavation and the modes of their deformation and destruction that are beyond the mechanical application of conventional rules for surface structures to approach underground problems, and hence entering into a new stage that scientific theories are being used to explain modes of stability of underground excavation, In this paper, the theory of axial variation and basic rules of deformation and destruction of surrounding rocks are emphatically discussed. Besides, conventional me thods for stabilization and maintenance of excavations and development of ground pressures are also described briefly.
Treatment technology of low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and its research progress
WEI Guang-zhi,XU Le-chang(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)With growth of the discharged uraniumbearing wastewater capacity,a low cost and effective treatment technology is required to avoid transferring and diffusing of the radioactive nuclides.On the basis of analyses of the source and characteristics of the low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater,the conventional treatment technologies,such as,flocculating settling,ion exchange,concentration,adsorption,and some innovatory technologies,such as,membrane,microorganism,phytoremediation and zero-valent iron technology are introduced.
[Downloads: 2,772 ] [Citations: 246 ] [Reads: 91 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
INTRODUCTION TO COMMON SOFTWARE PRODUCTS MODELING GROUNDWATER
XU Le chang(Research Institute of Uranium Mining, CNNC, Hengyang 421001, China)Groundwater Modeling is playing an increasingly important role in researching into groundwater.Now hundreds of software products modeling groundwater are available.This paper introduces main functions and features of some common software products,such as GMS,Visual MODFLOW,Visual Groundwater,PHREEQC,HST3D,TNTmips,and moreover,presents steps in modeling protocol.
DETERMINATION OF RADON EDUCTION RATE AND EXPLORATION ON ITS INFLUENCE FACTORS
LI Ren jie [WT5”BZ][ST5”BZ](Jinyuan Uranium Corporation, CNNC, Beijing 100822, China)Methods of determination of radon eduction rate in uranium mining and hydrome tallurgy system are discribed.Its influence factors such as precipitation,air pressure,air temperature,ground temperature,and humidity etc.are explored.
RESEARCH STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF IN-SITU LEACHING URANIUM TECHNIQUES IN CHINA
QUE Wei-min~1,WANG Hai-feng~1,TIAN Shi-feng~2,ZHANG Ze-gui~2,YAO Yi-xuan~1 (1. Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China; 2. Liaohe Bureau of Oil Prospecting, Panjin 124010, China)Present situations of production and research of in-situ leaching uranium mines in China are described. The problems existing in study and development are analyzed, and the orientation of study on in-situ leaching of uranium in China is proposed.
Treatment technology of low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and its research progress
WEI Guang-zhi,XU Le-chang(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)With growth of the discharged uraniumbearing wastewater capacity,a low cost and effective treatment technology is required to avoid transferring and diffusing of the radioactive nuclides.On the basis of analyses of the source and characteristics of the low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater,the conventional treatment technologies,such as,flocculating settling,ion exchange,concentration,adsorption,and some innovatory technologies,such as,membrane,microorganism,phytoremediation and zero-valent iron technology are introduced.
[Downloads: 2,772 ] [Citations: 246 ] [Reads: 91 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
A summary of studies on mine wastewater treatment
MA Yao,HU Bao-qun,SUN Zhan-xue(East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)The composition of mine wastewater is complicated and is harmful to the environment.The mine wastewater treatment methods include mainly neutralization,constructed wetland and microorganism methods.The three methods are summarized,with focus on the microorganism method.The mechanisms,characteristics and influencing factors of the sulfate reducing bacteria and the iron oxidizing bacteria are discribed in detail.The treatment methods of uranium mine wastewater are presented.
INTRODUCTION TO COMMON SOFTWARE PRODUCTS MODELING GROUNDWATER
XU Le chang(Research Institute of Uranium Mining, CNNC, Hengyang 421001, China)Groundwater Modeling is playing an increasingly important role in researching into groundwater.Now hundreds of software products modeling groundwater are available.This paper introduces main functions and features of some common software products,such as GMS,Visual MODFLOW,Visual Groundwater,PHREEQC,HST3D,TNTmips,and moreover,presents steps in modeling protocol.
Research advances in treatment technology of radioactive wastewater
LI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Ye(Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)Traditional treatment technologies on radioactive wastewater such as flocculating sedimentation,ion exchange,evaporation concentration and adsorption method at home and abroad are reviewed,and the latest research progress such as membrane method,biological treatment,magnetic-molecules method,inert curing method and permeable reactive(zero-valent iron) barriers technology are introduced.
Research advances in adsorption of heavy metals by algae
ZHANG Yong-liang1,ZHANG Hao-jiang2,XIE Shui-bo1,TANG Dong-shan1,CHEN Shan1,WANG Shui-yun1(1.Pollution Control and Resource Technology Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;2.School of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)Algae has a strong ability to enrich heavy metal ions.It can be used as biological adsorbent to remove and recover the heavy metals in industrial wastewater.The basic features of algae,the adsorption mechanisms and ion exchange of the toxic heavy metals are introduced.Key factors of influencing algae adsorption,such as pH value,adsorption time,coexistence ions and pretreatment are explained.Thermodynamics and dynamics of algae adsorption are also discussed.The research directions are presented.
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