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Introduction
Journal Editorial Board:Editorial Board of Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
Publication Period: Quarterly
Publication Place: Beijing
Language: Chinese
Supervisor: China National Nuclear Corporation
Organizer: Chinese Nuclear Society
Publisher: Editorial Board of Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
Editor in Chief: SU Xuebin
Tel: 8610-51674348, 51674124
E-mail: youkuangye@cnmstc.com
ISSN：1000-8063
CN：11-1969/TL
Postal Distribution Code: 82-745
Website: https://ykyi.cbpt.cnki.net
Mechanical Properties and Pore Structure Evolution of Sandstone under Liquid Nitrogen Freezing and Thawing
ZHANG Shiming;WU Qinqin;HUANG Aiwu;WANG Yuting;JIAO Wenlei;WU Lingling;HU Lin;YU Qing;In order to further study the mechanical properties and pore structure evolution of sandstone under the action of liquid nitrogen freezing and thawing cycles, the sandstone in natural water-bearing state and saturated state were taken as the research object. The compressive strength, elastic modulus, pore T2 map and nuclear magnetic porosity of sandstone after different liquid nitrogen freezing and thawing cycles were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance instrument and rock mechanics test system. The mechanical properties, porosity evolution and pore size distribution of sandstone under the action of liquid nitrogen were analyzed. Based on the SDR permeability model, the permeability change of sandstone after freezing and thawing cycles was calculated. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone decreases significantly after liquid nitrogen freezing treatment, and the decrease of strength increases with the increase of freezing and thawing cycles. When the number of cycles increases from 0 to 5, the decrease of compressive strength in natural state increases from 12.25% to 29.04%, while the maximum decrease of compressive strength of sandstone in saturated state is 55.50%. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) test show that the freezing and thawing cycle of liquid nitrogen significantly increases the porosity and permeability of sandstone, especially for sandstone samples in saturated state. After five freezing and thawing cycles of liquid nitrogen, the porosity growth rate is 39.09%; and the permeability growth rate reaches 160%, which is 1.89 times that of natural water-bearing sandstone. The research results can provide a new idea for the efficient leaching of low permeability sandstone-type uranium deposits by liquid nitrogen fracturing technology.
Current Situation and Prospect of Uranium Resources Mining and Metallurgy Technology in China
WANG Haifeng;Over the past few decades, China′s uranium resource mining and metallurgy technology has undergone a development process from nothing to something, and from weak to strong. It has introduced trackless mining and "three-under" mining technologies, broken through surface heap leaching and underground heap leaching, innovated in-situ blasting leaching and bacterial heap leaching, practiced acid, alkaline and neutral in-situ leaching of uranium mining technologies, explored and improved borehole drilling, underground leaching methods and hydrometallurgical processes, built digital mines in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, verified the control of leaching area, the treatment and reuse of waste drilling mud, reverse osmosis treatment of waste liquids, and the groundwater remediation of decommissioned test mines, and implemented the rational mining and metallurgy of uranium-molybdenum and uranium-coal deposits, and explored the technology of extracting uranium from seawater. The new technologies and processes practiced in uranium resource mining and metallurgy have become the driving force for China′s natural uranium production. Looking to the future, China′s uranium resource mining and metallurgy industry is bound to innovate and create greater breakthroughs.
Research Progress and Prospects of Adsorbent Materials for Uranium Extraction from Seawater
SHANG Ziming;WU Haotian;LI He;LI Ziming;GOU Yangfei;CHEN Shusen;The development of nuclear energy plays a vital role in the adjustment of national energy structure and environmental sustainability. The stable supply of natural uranium is essential for nuclear energy development. Given China′s relatively limited terrestrial uranium reserves, extracting uranium resources from the vast oceanic territories holds significant strategic value. However, the complex and variable marine environment presents considerable challenges for conventional adsorbent materials and technologies to effectively separate uranium at extremely low concentrations, necessitating the urgent development of specialized adsorbent materials for uranium extraction from seawater. In recent years, researchers domestically and internationally have developed numerous uranium separation materials and conducted promising practical trials under seawater conditions. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in various seawater uranium extraction technologies based on the characteristics of different adsorbent materials, addresses the multifaceted technical challenges encountered in uranium extraction under real seawater conditions, and provides insights into future prospects for the development of uranium extraction technologies from seawater.
Application of Geophysical Logging for Uranium Exploration in Chepaizi Area, Junggar Basin
CHEN Fang;HU Zhiwei;MAO Guangzhen;ZHANG Shuxin;YANG Yanbo;Uranium is a strategic mineral resource in China, and geophysical logging plays a crucial role in sandstone type uranium exploration. This study applies various commonly geophysical logging methods to prospect for uranium in the Chepaizi area of the Junggar Basin. Beginning with the logging instruments and methods, we determine favorable prospecting horizons within the Shawan Formation, Taxihe Formation, and Tuguru Group based on statistical analysis of gamma logging result and radioactive background value across different strata and sections within the study area. The 128 Regiment section, as well as its north and southwest parts, are identified as favorable areas for prospecting. Additionally, comprehensive study and interpretation of geophysical logging parameters allow for accurately divide borehole lithology. Abnormal responses from spontaneous potential(SP) curves suggest a relative relationship between drilling fluid and formation water salinity. When combined with apparent resistivity curve analysis, geochemical characteristics of high-salinity formation water within the Shawan Formation target layer are obtained. High-salinity water of Shawan Formation is conducive to oil and gas accumulation, and their migration provide favorable conditions for uranium reduction enrichment and mineralization. Overall, the application of geophysical logging in Chepaizi area proves beneficial for uranium metallogenic analysis and prospecting in this area.
Research and Application of Dynamic Management Method for Mineral Resources and Reserves Based on 3D Visualization Technology
QIAN Bing;BI Lin;CHEN Xin;XU Yang;For the precise quantification and calculation of solid mineral resources and reserves,this study utilizes data from exploration projects,mining design,and engineering surveys during the exploration and development of solid minerals.By employing three-dimensional(3D) digitalization methods and visualization techniques,we have constructed 3D geological attribute models,designed mine-out models,and 3D excavation engineering models.Furthermore,we have integrated the statistical computation of resources and reserves with these 3D entity models,proposing a 3D statistical computation method and data management framework specifically tailored for solid mineral resources and reserves.The findings indicate that the application of 3D digitalization methods enables accurate and detailed accounting and computation of resources and reserves and production ores,precise classification of resource reserve types,and dynamic updating of resources and reserves based on the continuously expanding information of ore body control points,thereby enhancing the efficiency of dynamic management of solid mineral resources and reserves.Practical application cases have further confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the 3D digital dynamic management method for solid mineral resources and reserves.
Treatment Process of Uranium Removal from Seepage Water in Decommissioned Uranium Mines Using Permeable Reactive Barrier Technology
YUAN Daohe;XIONG Ting'an;TANG Haidong;Aiming at the water quality characteristics of low uranium concentration, high sulfate and high suspended solids in the seepage water of a decommissioned uranium mine in southern China, as well as the problems of unstable treatment effect,easy saturation and hardening of resin, and high operation and maintenance costs in the original resin adsorption uranium removal process, combined with the seasonal dynamic change law of uranium occurrence state under the background of the mine's karst landform, the analysis of seepage water quality characteristics and the optimization of treatment process were carried out. On the basis of finding out the cyclic mode of uranium “activation and migration in rainy season, local enrichment in dry season” and the difference of occurrence states in winter and summer, a seasonal combined treatment scheme of iron-based permeable reactive barrier(PRB) was proposed, and the process flow design, engineering facility planning and seasonal process parameter optimization were completed. The designed treatment capacity of the project is 400m3/d, which can adapt to the seasonal fluctuation characteristics of the seepage water volume and uranium occurrence form of the mine, with an expected operation cycle of 10 years, and the materials can be recycled after regeneration. The application results show that the process has a significant removal efficiency for radioactive pollutants such as natural uranium, 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po, the effluent water quality meets the standard stably for a long time, which can provide technical reference and engineering demonstration for the seepage water treatment of similar decommissioned uranium mines in karst areas
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Research and Application of 3D Management and Control Platform for Mines Driven by Digital Twins
LONG Songqing;LI Yunsong;LI Shuai;NING Xiaoyu;HU Binbin;To address the issues of fragmented multi-source data, insufficient spatial representation capability, and limited fullprocess collaborative control in open-pit mining systems, and to meet the demands of remote management and cross-regional coordination in overseas mining operations, a three-dimensional(3D) mine management and control platform based on digital twin and 3D visualization technologies is developed. The study establishes a technical framework integrating digital modeling, ubiquitous sensing, and virtual–real mapping, enabling unified integration and spatial representation of geological information, equipment operating status, and production process data. A layered system architecture is adopted, comprising infrastructure, data resources, platform services, and business applications, upon which core functional modules—including safety monitoring, resource management, process control, and operation monitoring—are constructed to support dynamic perception and visualized management of the entire mining production process. Field application in an open-pit gold mine in Nigeria demonstrates that, with over 80% coverage of haul truck monitoring, the platform significantly improves abnormal event detection efficiency and reduces dispatch response time to the minute level; meanwhile, equipment empty-load rate decreases by approximately 10%–20%, and average waiting time is reduced by about 15%–30%, leading to a marked improvement in overall production efficiency. The proposed approach provides a feasible technical pathway and practical reference for digital and intelligent management of overseas mining operations.
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Research on Technical Scheme for In-situ Disposal Engineering of Natural Evaporation Ponds in a Nuclear Facility
MIAO Xianfeng;LIU Shengbo;LIU Huping;WANG Xiong;WANG Peng;FAN Yongmei;HUO Chenchen;WANG Jinming;Natural radioactive evaporation ponds for nuclear facilities are usually large in size with substantial sediments accumulated at the bottom. After years of operation, the accumulation of radionuclides in the ponds bottom has imposed potential impacts on the surrounding environment, which necessitates prompt decommissioning. Complete retrieval and offsite disposal of such bottom sediments would result in a large volume of radioactive waste.Based on the state of the evaporation pond decommissioning practices at home and abroad, this paper presents an in-situ cement mixing solidification method for sediment treatment in the decommissioning of natural evaporation ponds,providing a feasible technical approach for the economical and safe decommissioning of natural radioactive evaporation ponds. As an integrated technical solution combining treatment and disposal, this method eliminates the transportation process. It not only avoids large-scale retrieval and conditioning of ponds bottom sediments but also saves resources for other near-surface disposal facilities. In addition, it maximizes occupational safety during decommissioning and minimizes the release of radionuclides into the environment.
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Statistical Analysis for Determining Values of Groundwater in an In-situ Leaching Uranium Mine
LI Mengjiao;CAO Fengbo;LIU Xiaochao;CHEN Shuaiyao;GE Jialiang;TANG Qingsi;LI Xilong;XIA Xu;Groundwater values are the core basis for groundwater environmental management in in-situ leaching uranium mines. Aiming at the characteristics of large sample size, strong discreteness and high spatial heterogeneity in groundwater values monitoring during the construction period of an in-situ leaching uranium mine, this paper establishes a groundwater values determination method consisting of Grubbs outlier test, manual review, data distribution type judgment, and values range & mean calculation. A case study was carried out in Mining Area 1# to obtain the groundwater values levels and spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater characteristic factors. This method can effectively distinguish natural high concentration values from man-made abnormal values with objective and representative results. It can provide technical support for groundwater environmental management of in-situ leaching uranium mines and also serve as a technical reference for baseline determination of similar uranium mines.
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Regulation and Mechanism of CompositeAmendments on UraniumTailings Matrix, Microbial Communityand Uranium Speciation
WANG Haonan;ZHANG Chengxia;WANG Yongdong;LI Mengting;Vegetation cover is a key strategy for managing uranium tailings ponds. However, the vegetation on such tailings ponds gradually deteriorates due to severe water and nutrient deficiencies. In this study, nine composite amendments were prepared from pig manure, mushroom residue, sawdust, and polyacrylamide(PAM) using a four-factor, three-level orthogonal design and then mixed with uranium tailings. After 90 days, the tailings were analyzed for physicochemical properties(pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium), water retention capacity, microbial community composition, and uranium speciation. The aim was to evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of the composite amendments on the physicochemical properties, microbial community, and uranium speciation of the tailings. The results show that appropriate amendment proportions lead to four key improvements in the uranium tailings: 1) enhanced aggregate stability; 2) improved water and nutrient retention; 3) reduced environmental mobility of uranium; and 4) induced succession of the microbial community. The underlying mechanisms are as follows: the amendments promote the aggregation of fine particles through organic matter cementation and polyvalent cation bridging, thereby enhancing water and nutrient retention; concurrently, the increase in pH and organic matter synergistically enhances uranium stability; and the functional restructuring of the microbial community(e.g., enhanced cellulose decomposition and nitrate reduction functions) further strengthens the tailings' self-ecological regulation capacity. This study provides a novel "waste-to-waste" approach to ensure the safe operation of uranium tailings ponds, creating more favorable conditions for vegetation reconstruction and effectively reducing the environmental risks associated with these facilities.
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ON THE THEORY OF AXIAL VARIATION AND BASIC RULES OF DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF ROCKS SURROUNDING UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS
Yu Xuefu (Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology)At present, theories applied to explain stability of underground excavation have been undergoing a progress from the analogism of empirical engineering toward the scientific reasoning.(下转第7页)The significant marking of the progress proceeding from the recognization of the stress of virgin rock as an important influential factor,is the application of concrete analyses to the stress of rock surrounding the underground excavation and the modes of their deformation and destruction that are beyond the mechanical application of conventional rules for surface structures to approach underground problems, and hence entering into a new stage that scientific theories are being used to explain modes of stability of underground excavation, In this paper, the theory of axial variation and basic rules of deformation and destruction of surrounding rocks are emphatically discussed. Besides, conventional me thods for stabilization and maintenance of excavations and development of ground pressures are also described briefly.
Treatment technology of low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and its research progress
WEI Guang-zhi,XU Le-chang(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)With growth of the discharged uraniumbearing wastewater capacity,a low cost and effective treatment technology is required to avoid transferring and diffusing of the radioactive nuclides.On the basis of analyses of the source and characteristics of the low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater,the conventional treatment technologies,such as,flocculating settling,ion exchange,concentration,adsorption,and some innovatory technologies,such as,membrane,microorganism,phytoremediation and zero-valent iron technology are introduced.
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INTRODUCTION TO COMMON SOFTWARE PRODUCTS MODELING GROUNDWATER
XU Le chang(Research Institute of Uranium Mining, CNNC, Hengyang 421001, China)Groundwater Modeling is playing an increasingly important role in researching into groundwater.Now hundreds of software products modeling groundwater are available.This paper introduces main functions and features of some common software products,such as GMS,Visual MODFLOW,Visual Groundwater,PHREEQC,HST3D,TNTmips,and moreover,presents steps in modeling protocol.
DETERMINATION OF RADON EDUCTION RATE AND EXPLORATION ON ITS INFLUENCE FACTORS
LI Ren jie [WT5”BZ][ST5”BZ](Jinyuan Uranium Corporation, CNNC, Beijing 100822, China)Methods of determination of radon eduction rate in uranium mining and hydrome tallurgy system are discribed.Its influence factors such as precipitation,air pressure,air temperature,ground temperature,and humidity etc.are explored.
RESEARCH STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF IN-SITU LEACHING URANIUM TECHNIQUES IN CHINA
QUE Wei-min~1,WANG Hai-feng~1,TIAN Shi-feng~2,ZHANG Ze-gui~2,YAO Yi-xuan~1 (1. Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC, Beijing 101149, China; 2. Liaohe Bureau of Oil Prospecting, Panjin 124010, China)Present situations of production and research of in-situ leaching uranium mines in China are described. The problems existing in study and development are analyzed, and the orientation of study on in-situ leaching of uranium in China is proposed.
Treatment technology of low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and its research progress
WEI Guang-zhi,XU Le-chang(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, CNNC,Beijing 101149,China)With growth of the discharged uraniumbearing wastewater capacity,a low cost and effective treatment technology is required to avoid transferring and diffusing of the radioactive nuclides.On the basis of analyses of the source and characteristics of the low-concentration uranium-bearing wastewater,the conventional treatment technologies,such as,flocculating settling,ion exchange,concentration,adsorption,and some innovatory technologies,such as,membrane,microorganism,phytoremediation and zero-valent iron technology are introduced.
[Downloads: 2,765 ] [Citations: 246 ] [Reads: 56 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
A summary of studies on mine wastewater treatment
MA Yao,HU Bao-qun,SUN Zhan-xue(East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)The composition of mine wastewater is complicated and is harmful to the environment.The mine wastewater treatment methods include mainly neutralization,constructed wetland and microorganism methods.The three methods are summarized,with focus on the microorganism method.The mechanisms,characteristics and influencing factors of the sulfate reducing bacteria and the iron oxidizing bacteria are discribed in detail.The treatment methods of uranium mine wastewater are presented.
INTRODUCTION TO COMMON SOFTWARE PRODUCTS MODELING GROUNDWATER
XU Le chang(Research Institute of Uranium Mining, CNNC, Hengyang 421001, China)Groundwater Modeling is playing an increasingly important role in researching into groundwater.Now hundreds of software products modeling groundwater are available.This paper introduces main functions and features of some common software products,such as GMS,Visual MODFLOW,Visual Groundwater,PHREEQC,HST3D,TNTmips,and moreover,presents steps in modeling protocol.
Research advances in treatment technology of radioactive wastewater
LI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Ye(Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,East China Institute of Technology,Fuzhou 344000,China)Traditional treatment technologies on radioactive wastewater such as flocculating sedimentation,ion exchange,evaporation concentration and adsorption method at home and abroad are reviewed,and the latest research progress such as membrane method,biological treatment,magnetic-molecules method,inert curing method and permeable reactive(zero-valent iron) barriers technology are introduced.
Research advances in adsorption of heavy metals by algae
ZHANG Yong-liang1,ZHANG Hao-jiang2,XIE Shui-bo1,TANG Dong-shan1,CHEN Shan1,WANG Shui-yun1(1.Pollution Control and Resource Technology Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;2.School of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)Algae has a strong ability to enrich heavy metal ions.It can be used as biological adsorbent to remove and recover the heavy metals in industrial wastewater.The basic features of algae,the adsorption mechanisms and ion exchange of the toxic heavy metals are introduced.Key factors of influencing algae adsorption,such as pH value,adsorption time,coexistence ions and pretreatment are explained.Thermodynamics and dynamics of algae adsorption are also discussed.The research directions are presented.
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